ILOs

• Discuss the pathological and clinical factors which predispose to pulmonary embolism
• Describe the diagnostic features and investigations for pulmonary embolism and its immediate management.

• Why’s pulmonary embolism a relevant topic?
• Look at data showing us the incidence of pulmonary embolism…
• Compare the management of PE in 1998, to now…
• Outline the NICE guidelines for managing a suspected pulmonary embolism…
• Here’s the ESC algorithm for managing acute pulmonary embolism…
• If you clinically suspect pulmonary embolism, before even diagnosing it, what should you do?
• Here’s what an inquiry into patient deaths from pulmonary embolism showed…
• Explain how we risk stratify a patient with pulmonary embolism…
• What’s the effect on the heart if we increase the afterload?
• Outline the parameters that let us assess cardiac risk…
• Here’s an echocardiogram showing us a normal versus dilated right ventricle…
• Measuring the ratio of the diameter pulmonary artery to the aorta on a CT…
• Outline the different factors of the PESI score…
• Here’s the ESC guidelines for managing suspected PE in a patient with haemodynamic instability…
• Let’s remind ourselves what we’d do if a patient didn’t have haemodynamic instability…
• How do we manage right ventricular failure in acute high-risk pulmonary embolism?