ILOs:

• Explain the regulation of calcium describing the role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone
• Outline the causes of hypercalcaemia and its treatment
• Outline the symptoms and management of hypocalcaemia

• Outline the sources of calcium in our body...
• How do we measure circulating calcium, and what's the relevance?
• Outline the synthesis of active vitamin D, and its effects on calcium homeostasis
• What factor causes the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland, and how is this detected?
• Explain what hypercalcaemia is
• Outline the clinical features of hypercalcaemia
• Describe the ECG changes we might see in hypercalcaemia
• Explain the causes of hypercalcaemia!
• How do we manage hypercalcaemia?
• Why's rehydration important in managing hypercalcaemia?
• Explain how bisphosphonate therapy works...
• Which other agents can we use to manage hypercalcaemia?
• A diagram showing how the body responds to differing levels of blood calcium
• What are the clinical features of hypocalcaemia?
• A graph showing ECG changes in hypocalcaemia